Swine Flu Update

Electron micrscope image of H1N1 virus

I recently witnessed 2 cases of swine (H1N1) flu that resulted in different outcomes. Both patients were of about same age, 40 and 41. The younger patient smoked cigarettes and likely had underlying lung disease; the other did not. Both were admitted to a hospital on the same day. Both had high fever. The smoking patient had to be intubated and be placed on ventilator shortly after her admission. The non-smoking one managed to get by. Initial rapid flu tests were negative for both patients. Oropharyngeal PCR tests, however, were positive for both. Three days later the smoking patient died, but the non-smoking one was discharged home in stable condition.

Center for Disease Control recently evaluated rapid flu tests, also known as screening tests, and found that these tests had low sensitivity (40%-69%). Low sensitivity means a negative test shows no H1N1 virus only in 40% to 69% of tested patients. As a result, WHO recommends antiviral medications such as Tamiflu be considered for patients with higher risks such as pregnancy, pneumonia, rapid progression to respiratory distress, or other underlying diseases. Meanwhile, PCR assay test should be used to make a definitive diagnosis. The disadvantage of PCR test is that it takes longer, usually 2-3 days in the US, to obtain final result.

Paris Musette by Paul Mauriat

Obesity and Soaring Health Care Cost in the US

According to research group RTI International, Americans whose weight is 30 or more pounds over a healthy weight cost the U.S. an estimated $147 billion in medical bills in 2008. Obesity now accounts for 9.1% of all medical spending. An obese patient incurs on average $4,871 in medical bills a year compared with $3,442 for a patient of healthy weight. Obese patients spend $600 more in prescription medications a year than patients of healthy weight.

About 34% of adult Americans were obese in 2006.

"Obesity is the single biggest reason for the increase in health care costs," says Eric Finkelstein, a health economist with RTI.

Meditation from Thais: Violin vs Cello

Violin by Marina Chiche






Cello by Yo Yo Ma

Wine, Your Heart, and Resveratrol

Wine drinking in moderation may beneficial to coronary heart disease. Current recommendations for safe drinking of alcohol are one drink a day for women and no more than two drinks a day for men. These recommendations are difficult to quantify since the definition of "one drink" may differ among individuals. For example, one person may think a 4-ounce (equivalent to about 120 ml) glass as one drink while another considers an 8-ounce (equivalent to about 240 ml) glass as one drink. Therefore, one needs a better quantitation. Fortunately, several studies have suggested that the ideal dose of alcohol is around 6 grams (approximately 600 ml) per day.

Resveratrol is a substance found in grape skin and red wine. Resveratrol supplements are being marketed as to improve metabolism and lifespan. The benefits of reseratrol, however, was observed only in mice. Current resveratrol supplements do not have standardized dosage and side effects are unknown. Therefore, these supplements are currently not recommended.